Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: San Matías, Francsico Morazan, Honduras

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Diabetes mellitus worldwide has represented a problem; by 2014, 422 million people had diabetes, with an increase in the prevalence of the disease of approximately 95% [1]. In recent decades, the Americas have had a notable rise in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) associated with unhealthy lifestyles. The most related condition is Type 2 Diabetes Mllitus (DM 2), which has an important role and has become a pandemic that constitutes a public health problem in the world, with an increasing incidence, which reaches all strata of the population. In Honduras, we face an increase in the incidence of DM2 daily. In this country, concerning diabetes, according to PAHO/WHO, around 7.3% of the Honduran population suffers from diabetes (700 to 900 thousand patients), 50% of the population is not diagnosed. Currently, patients in Honduras have a national reference centre such as the National Diabetic Institute (INADI), where 300 to 350 patients are treated daily [2]. One of the main reasons for the increase in this disease is the low level of education,[3] according to the National Institute of Statistics (INE) for June 2016, 11.0% of people in Honduras could not read or write [4]. On the other hand, the National Diabetic Institute studied a total of 382 clinical records of patients who have a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and who attended a medical consultation in the period established by the study; the degree of education that predominated was primary 43.98% (168) followed by illiteracy with 27.75% (106) [5]. People with a lower educational level have more than double the prevalence of this disease and have more limited access to its treatment and control. According to the National Demographic and Health Survey 2011-2012, people with more than 12 years of schooling have 29.5% obesity, while those with less than eight years of schooling reach 46.6% [6].

Another determinant related to eating habits is the socioeconomic condition of the people [7]. In rural areas, despite having more significant physical activity due to the long distances travelled because of the lack of economic resources to pay for transportation, a high degree of a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition based on high fat and carbohydrate contentis observed [8]. The diagnosis of DM2 is based mainly on the evaluation of the high glycaemic levels in this disease and associated symptoms. However, prevention measurements are important tool important tool to avoid and control of this disease [9-12]. We considered the main risk factors for developing type II diabetes mellitus and its complications' burden for health systems; this study was developed to assess the risk of developing DM2 in the next ten years using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Test Score (FINDRISK) in patients aged 20 to 35 years. It is a survey that is composed of 8 questions whose answers add a specific score; in the end, the sum generates a value that indicates a risk of developing diabetes mellitus; low risk (less than 7), slightly high (7 to 11), moderately high (12 to 14), high (15 to 20) and very high (over 20), according to the corresponding category. The variables included in this questionnaire are age, abdominal perimeter (normal ranges for men is >102 cm and normal ranges for women >86 cm), intake of antihypertensive drugs, family history of diabetes, physical activity, fruit consumption, BMI and previously altered blood glucose [13].